Did the apostles believe that God is unique, eternal, infinite, omnipotent, immutable, "simple", spirit, and personal?
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The apostles believed the SAME God revealed in the OT fulfilled his promise by sending Jesus, His Son. The promise He delivered through the prophets as well as hinted through His inspiration to the writers of the Wisdom books such as the Psalms, Job, etc. so the NT books are replete with OT references.
I think the variety of Jewish schools of thoughts (the primary ones being the Pharisees, the Sadducee, the Essenes, the Zealots) did not differ when it came to characterizing who their God was, possessing the attributes of the LORD (yhwh) in the OT. Furthermore, when the apostles began to realize how Jesus's essence was actually the same as the God that they have been worshiping in the Temple, it's NOT necessary for them to discard / demote those attributes.
Instead, they were delighted that now they could see God face to face, something that was scary (they could die) or prohibited. If you place yourself in the apostles's shoes, it's like the far distant King whom you so much revered and longed for His presence in the world suddenly came for a visit to YOUR home and personally called you to be one of the twelve. It's like Queen Elizabeth visited your home in rural England disguised as a regular person but who later revealed herself to be the Queen AND adopted you as her son. What an honor! Did you believe her and accept the adoption? Or did you refuse to believe she was truly the Queen, like Judas?
After resurrection, the apostles were emboldened and were willing to suffer and die like Jesus for the SAME OT God, like the Maccabean heroes who were martyred less than 200 years earlier. In their evangelistic ministries (Paul being the most documented in the NT), do we see them relinquishing the attributes you mentioned? Let's see. I'm adding an NT verse to your list. They may not be the best NT verse for the attribute, but close enough.
God is unique: Is 45:18 Acts 14:15
God is infinite and omnipotent: Ps 135:5-6 Rom 11:33-35
God is beyond measurement, He is not limited to space: 1 Kgs 8:27 Acts 17:24 (In fact, I think Paul quoted 1 Kgs 8:27 !)
(you skipped a number :-) )
God is immutable, He does not change...ever: Ps 102:26-28 Heb 6:17
God is utterly simple, pure spirit: Ex 20:4 (a negative statement showing that He cannot be represented) 1 Cor 10 (here Paul warned the Corinthians not to follow the example of the Israelites in the wilderness, worshiping idol)
I hope I addressed your question.
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Q: Did the apostles still hold to the attributes of God ?
A: No they realized that Christ Jesus is the Way,Truth, Light - i.e, realizing that he is the perfect image of the father.
Q: They didn't stop believing that God had all those attrib, did they ?
A: Of Course Not. I recommend reading The Holy Bible with the Lord Christ Yeshua in mind. No one can come to the Father but, by him. While studying and seeing these characteristics rather than attempting to finding those listed, as it should be self-evident look for the characteristics provided by Jesus Christ. In doing so, you realize that Jesus Christ is the Perfect Image of the Father. In which you then realize that he is the Father. Hope I was able to help.
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