Are sins = crime in ancient Jews?
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Sin is viewed somewhat differently in Judaism than in Christianity. Judaism regards the violation of any of the 613 commandments as a sin, anything not in these commandments is not. Judaism teaches that to sin is a part of life, since there is no perfect man and everyone has an inclination to do evil "from his youth".
Unlike Christianity, sins committed out of lack of knowledge are not considered sins, since a sin can't be a sin if the one who did it didn't know it was wrong. Unintentional sins are considered less severe sins. This is in contrast to Christianity's view that all people are sinners, as expressed in Romans 3:23:
for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God
Also unlike Christianity, sins between people are considered much more severe in Judaism than sins between man and God. Yom Kippur, the main day of repentance in Judaism, can atone for sins between man and God, but not for sins between man and his fellow, that is until he has appeased his friend.
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While the Jewish Law from the Old Testament may focus on sins that result in actions that can be observed, investigated, and prosecuted by the state, i.e., crimes, it has also always said that there are thoughts that are sinful too. One of the most prominent examples of these is the last of the Ten Commandments: do not covet your neighbour's wife or property. You don't have to act on lust or greed for it still to be sin and an obstacle between you and God.
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