Is there any possible way for Israeli authorities to know I’ve been to the second country.
Yes. They can ask you where you’ve been.
They have other ways, mentioned in other answers, but asking you where you have been is much more likely to happen than those other ways.
I don’t know what the consequences for you are if:
Please don’t lie.
In practice, our advise on Travel.SE is to just follow the law, no matter how silly or illogical the law is. The reason is that doing otherwise means you’re trading a very small upside (skipping a bit of quarantine) for a massive downside (big fines, potential criminal record, social shaming, etc). No one can give you exact percentage odds of getting caught but at the end of the day its easier to just cancel your travel or do the quarantine instead.
That being said, lets think of how the government could find out.
So how will you most likely get caught? Same way a huge chunk of crimes has been caught since the dawn of time – by having someone report you to the police. An angry ex-girlfriend, a random Instagram subscriber, a disgruntled business partner, a nosy neighbor – anyone could notice you’ve been to country X but then never reported to quarantine. The police might not necessarily investigate the report but if they do, you’ll be in a world of trouble.
Of course, the real answer is don’t do it.
As usual for this type of questions, the answer is ambiguous. Will they know right away with the info available at the tip of their fingers? Probably not. Can they find out if they really want to? Nearly certainly. With all sorts of levels in between.
Whether you want to or not, you leave a LOT of traces:
Some of that information may be difficult for them to get. Some maybe extremely easy. Depends on local laws, arrangements in place with airlines, and other companies, whether they can get access to your phone (for completely different reasons of course)… and of course any information you may give them without even realising.
Of course if you manage to have a total blackout on what you did during that time that will look even more suspicious.
So don’t even try. Maybe you’ll get away with it. But if you don’t it can end quite badly.
Some countries share information (see the Five Eyes agreement) for example. It’s not universal though. However, my mother was stopped in Singapore years ago (late 90s) and the officials were able to pull up her recent travel history on their system – NZ, Aus and South Africa.
I’d presume it’s gotten better since, but for example, many visitors to Israel don’t get a stamp so that they can travel to say, Dubai later on the same passport without issues.
TL;DR: The government may not know outright, but they may find out if they have any reason to look into you.
Officially there may not be a way for them to know when you land, if your passport isn’t being scanned anywhere.
However, if you cause an infection outbreak and the epidemiological investigation concludes that you’re the source and that you’ve lied/concealed information on the entry forms – you may be subject to some heavy penalties of which 5000ILS fine would only be the beginning, since technically you’d be committing a crime (things have happened before).
Since someone asked for statistics in the comments, here are some:
Credit:stackoverflow.com‘