My first official answer, so bear with me.
There are several reasons for this. There is a document created by the US DOT (here and more thorough one here) that pretty much covers all the reasons. It seems, primarily for the safety of the passengers (Enhancing Airline Passenger Protections). These are Tarmac Delay Contingencies.
Brief summary to answer questions:
Hope this answers your question.
I think the other answers do a very good job of explaining why you couldn’t go into the terminal (the need to pay fees for use of the gate, use of personnel to board people afterwards, personnel to help disabled passengers, unaccompanied minors, etc). However, I’d like to clarify the customs part of the question:
Since you couldn’t go into the terminal, the only other option was to let you “stretch your legs” on the tarmac. As I understand it, in international airports the tarmac area is a customs-controlled zone. The tarmac area of an airport is an area that has a lot of potential for abuse as far as customs/immigration is concerned, because there’s a lot of mixing of people and goods of different status (e.g. you have airport employees, domestic passengers, arriving international passengers yet to pass through immigration, departing international passengers, and all these groups of people can have goods with them). You can see how if it wasn’t controlled, it would be easy to e.g. sneak something or someone into the country. So, procedures exist to minimize and control this mixing in a customs-controlled area. So, likely one of the procedures is that the airline can’t just decide to let people out of the plane without checking first. Also, it’s a potential security risk, I wouldn’t be surprised if airport security / TSA was probably involved in the decision as well. By the way, as I understand it, even if the airport only accepts cargo flights from international destinations, the tarmac area may still be a special customs zone.
I’m sure there are various potential answers but here’s a couple:
If the airline isn’t operating in this airport, then it means that they aren’t paying any fee for using the airport services. Airport services aren’t really pay as you use them. So a flight can’t come and leave passengers like this…
Then it is also a matter of responsibility. What if the passengers start looking around and don’t come back for the flight. The flight could be delayed even more and this woulf cost a fortune to the airline without elaborating on the schedule problems it could cause to the airport and others airlines.
Then for the customs, even if this is an internal flight, I guess they could do some random checks on the passenger list so if an unexpected flight comes, it could cause trouble to their organization even if I agree that it would be less of a problem than for an international flight.
Credit:stackoverflow.com‘
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