Both terms “American breakfast” and “Continental Breakfast” mean widely different things at different hotels and in different countries. The only thing for sure is that when both are offered, the American breakfast is larger and has more items and heartier items than the Continental breakfast.
While the American breakfast usually includes eggs and meat (often pork), sometimes a Continental breakfast does as well. Sometimes the Continental breakfast has only hard-boiled or scrambled eggs, while the American breakfast offers eggs any style or omelets. It really does depend on the specific hotel.
“An American Breakfast” is not a standardized item, especially from country to country The only things it usually seems to include is some form of bread, meat and eggs. In S. Korea sometimes the bread was jam and coleslaw sandwiches. In Thailand sometimes the meat was fish sausage. In Sweden the eggs are usually soft boiled, but they do throw in some baked beans to keep the English happy too.
An American breakfast is simply the American variant of an English breakfast, which is elsewhere an Irish breakfast— what Wikipedia in its neutralism calls a full breakfast, in contrast to the so-called continental breakfast.
A full breakfast is a “heavy” breakfast high in animal protein such as eggs, sausage, ham, and/or bacon, often fried. The American variant will have some kind of bread such as flapjacks/pancakes, French toast, or a waffle, and American-style sausage or bacon. I have rarely seen a hotel “American” breakfast that includes genuinely American dishes like waffles and chicken, grits, or biscuits and gravy.
It’ll vary a little from place to place and on your establishment’s interpretation.
However, a good definition comes from businessdictionary.com:
A hotel breakfast that includes most or all of the following: two eggs
(fried or poached), sliced bacon or sausages, sliced bread or toast
with jam/jelly/butter, pancakes with syrup, cornflakes or other
cereal, coffee/tea, orange/grapefruit juice
(source)
If they’re trying to include some unique American food, biscuits and gravy is a fairly uniquely-American dish.
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