I live in Mexico, so I will add a couple of local observations in addition to the excellent answers by Hilmar and Giacomo Catenazzi.
While Credit Cards are definitely safer and easier to use in the malls and chain stores, if you’re in the markets or local stores you’ll need cash. That said, I would recommend you only withdraw what cash you need that day, leave the rest in the bank. If you find something to buy and don’t have the cash, they’ll almost always be willing to hold the item while you find an ATM and withdraw the cash (they’ll be selling to you for more than they’d sell to a local anyway).
While you might get away with handing over a US $10 or $20 note and have it accepted, you’re almost certainly not going to have anyone accept any Euro notes. Many banks here don’t even exchange foreign currency. There are exchange houses around, however these only exchange between USD and MXN. The situation may be different in tourist spots (Cancun or Cabo) or Mexico City.
Additionally, Credit Cards here are almost always signature required. Very very few places have chip & PIN available (in fact, I’m not sure I can recall EVER using chip & PIN here). If your CC does not have a signature strip they may not be willing to accept it.
@Hilmar has a nice answer, but I think it should be completed with two additional points:
Before you travel, check if you need to notify your bank you travel in South America. Some banks blocks by default many countries, as anti-thief measure. Just a notification (countries and period [keep it longer, in case of problem]).
The more cards you have the best it is. Or just use ATM and get enough cash (if you go in small villages). I had a lot of bad experiences where you cannot use some European cards on some banks. It is nothing really wrong, just change bank. (really it happened also within Europe).
US dollars are often accepted (warning for the "tourist prices"). And have an idea on which transportation you will use from airports. It may be difficult to pay with large notes local buses or public transportation. ATM at airports may be busy (but use them, avoid exchange offices inside the arrival only zone). Maybe a quick breakfast/lunch (after ATM break) may give you changes (coins and small notes).
In general (not only for South America). Keep one or two notes in a pocket. Use them in crowded space (or unsafe places), instead of using the wallet.
If the fees of your current providers are excessive, consider getting a better checking account and/or credit card. These are typically available at 0 cost to you. Some larger banks have international partners (example
Bank of America) some smaller banks offer fee refunds, etc.
Credit:stackoverflow.com‘
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