I believe it’s common practice at some international borders to leave a stretch of land processed in such a way (e.g. bulldozed/tilled/softened up) as to make it very easy to detect illegal border crossings (i.e. crossing tracks of people or vehicles). This may be at least part of the reason for this structure. Another purpose may be to provide a visual marking of the border. Of course, it may also double as a road, especially for the border patrol forces (from what I’ve seen of the Mongolian wilderness and the people driving there, pretty much any flat stretch of land can double as a road 🙂
I would say with 99% confidence that it is a road. You don’t have to follow the structure for long before you can easily identify intersections with other roads, e.g. here: 41.77533, 105.36238
Credit:stackoverflow.com‘