The prices I see for Denver to Regina on your dates (526 USD on Air Canada, via Calgary) are similar to what I find for flights of similar profiles in Europe and Japan, so this is not a Canadian thing. For example for Bordeaux to Copenhagen (Air France, via Paris) I find 565 EUR (611 USD), and for Aomori to Fukuoka (ANA, via Osaka) I find 59100 JPY (482 USD).
In all three cases, one factor which significantly drives prices up is that the return flight is on a Saturday. Flying on the following Sunday or Monday always results in fares about 20% lower.
Also, as mentioned by jpatokal in the comments, the fact that Air Canada has a monopoly on Regina airport probably also increases prices. I do not know enough about Canadian airports to find an airport with more competition to compare, but in the second case above, one can find lower fares by flying from Toulouse instead of Bordeaux because more airlines serve it (e.g., 279 EUR with British Airways).
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