Sweden is — just like Denmark, Austria and Greece — a member of the Schengen treaty.
Furthermore, Sweden is a member state of the European Union.
The first says that there are to be no systematic identity checks when entering Sweden from another Schengen member state (in this case: Denmark). This rule is partly waived due to the large number of migrants that entered last autumn (I don’t know when the ID checks will be lifted again) so upon entering Sweden by rail or road from Copenhagen you will be asked to show ID.
However, the second also grants you freedom of movement, as you are also an EU national. Furthermore, EU treaties clearly state that a national ID card is a valid ID document for crossing EU borders; a passport is not required except for citizens of those countries that do not issue national ID cards (most notably the UK). Sweden has no right to disallow you entering the country except if you pose a national threat of some sort (i.e. intelligence suggests you are a terrorist — very unlikely). Most importantly, Sweden cannot reject you for travelling on a national ID card rather than a passport.
Technically, both could change. The UK example shows how difficult it is to change the second condition. While exiting the Schengen agreement permanently may be easier, you are still entitled to travel to an EU country (such as Ireland, which is non-Schengen) using only your national ID card until the second condition is moot.
On a technicality note, Sweden requires the train operating company to make sure all their travellers have valid documents before letting them board — this is akin to what countries request from airlines. Therefore, before boarding an Øresundståg, you will be asked by train staff to show a valid ID document. The actual border controls will be performed by Swedish police in Hyllie, the first stop after having crossed the Öresund bridge.
If you have a residence permit from one of the Schengen zone countries , I think you won´t have any problems but you can stay only for less then 90 days.
But if you have only a visa for like 3 months then it is better to check because sometimes you are restricted.
And if you are a citizen from an EU country then the question should not be even asked , you can go to Sweden with no problem.
According to the Swedish police, there are temporary border controls, but that does not change the list of documents you can use to cross the border:
Swedish nationals or nationals of other Nordic countries
You do not need a passport or national ID card, but you must prove that you are a national of a Nordic country by means of a driver’s license, for example.
Nationals of non-Nordic countries
You need a passport or an ID card. A national ID card is an ID card issued by the competent authority in each EU Member State. If you have a residence permit in an EU Member State, you need to prove both your identity and your residence permit.
Source: https://polisen.se/en/Languages/Laws-and-Regulations/Temporary-border-controls/
As long as Sweden is in the EU it should be possible to visit it with only a national ID. In my experience in other Schengen countries when you fly between them you don’t even go through a passport check.
If you are not a citizen of a country that is part of the EU you need have a passport with you although it might not be checked during your stay.
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