American Service Dogs In Canada

So this answer applies to Alberta and specifically addresses those "planning long-term stays in Alberta or will be traveling frequently to the province", but i think is about as close of a factual answer as we’re going to find. If anyone has any similar/equivalent info for British Columbia (or any other provinces), let me know and I’ll add them into this answer so it’s all in one place.

From Alberta’s government website (Source):

Traveling to Alberta with a service dog

If you are planning long-term stays in Alberta or will be traveling frequently to the
province, you should apply for an Alberta Service Dog Identification
Card.

Handlers traveling with dogs with owner- managed training or that
have graduated from a non-ADI school can apply for a qualification
assessment. Please note that the application process and assessment
scheduling takes some time, so plans must be made well in advance of
travel.

The long and the short is that if you want full protection of the law and all the entitlements guaranteed by it, you must get a Service Dog Identification Card from Alberta’s government. If your dog wasn’t trained by an organization recognized by them, you can apply (and pay) to have your dog evaluated when you get into the country/province. Upon successful evaluation, you can then be issued the card. More info on getting a service dog identification card.

For a few reasons, I doubt I’ll jump through the hoops required to get my dog evaluated. I have a spinal cord injury and thus a very "real" and obvious disability (the wheelchair is usually a dead giveaway). My trained, working dog will be wearing a vest indicating that she is in fact a service dog and neither of us will be breaking any of the rules we’re both required to follow in order to be granted access to public places. I realize that without a Service Dog Identification Card, the law is not 100% on my side, and I may have to take my business elsewhere in cases where a business owner is digging their heels in demanding official certification – a risk I’m willing to take.

Most Canadiens I’ve talked to have been of the opinion that the chances of me running into any problems (while following the rules) are slim. If you feel differently, please let me know – I’m all ears.

Rules regarding service dogs in Canada are complex, vague and sometimes contradictory. This article by the CBC is specifically about the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, but is probably typical of the country.

There are three types of dogs that work to meet humans’ physical and emotional needs: service dogs, therapy dogs, and emotional support dogs. Each plays a different role, and each has different rights under the law.

A service dog is any canine that has been trained to perform specific tasks for a person with a disability. Not only does a service dog have to do its job flawlessly — a human life depends on it — it also has to learn to be calm and quiet in public, to ignore other animals and people, even to toilet on command so that it doesn’t do its business at an inopportune moment.

Therapy dogs often wear identifying vests like service dogs, but these aren’t career pooches.

The last category of canine assistants is emotional support dogs. These are pets whose presence improves the mental health of their owners.

Service dogs have the legal right to go anywhere their handler can go, from grocery stores to hospitals, restaurants to taxis.

Therapy dogs have no particular legal rights, but they are often given special permission to enter places animals aren’t typically allowed to go.

Emotional support animals in Canada have the right to travel with their owners for free but don’t have any of the other access rights to public spaces that service dogs do.

If you’re a business owner or other authority, the only proof you need that an animal is a service dog is a note from a physician, nurse, or other qualified medical practitioner. This is the only document recognized in Newfoundland and Labrador as legal evidence of a dog’s service status. There is no standard licensing or certification for service dogs that you should expect a handler to produce.

To flip this around, if your dog is a genuine service dog helping you with a disability, and is well-behaved and wearing a vest that identifies it as a service dog, you are unlikely to get any pushback. But it may happen. It would definitely be a good idea to keep handy whatever documentation you have to show a business owner. To have documentation from a medical practitioner testifying to your disability would be the most helpful thing.

If your dog is not an actual service dog then you are going to be reliant on the goodwill of business owners to get your dog admitted.