Just adding some extra context.
Hosts must register guests to “Guests portal” in the official Police website https://alloggiatiweb.poliziadistato.it/PortaleAlloggiati/ so guests information is required. Hosts should check your ID upon arrival and insert those information in the “Guests portal”.
It is illegal to ask for documents through email or photograph/scan/copy them unless they make you sign some kind of privacy consensus form.
https://community.withairbnb.com/t5/Supporto/come-richiedere-i-documenti-agli-ospiti/td-p/584782
It’s pretty common for hosts to ask documents by email though, as it makes their life easier. Hosts who comply with the law must deal with several public administration websites to input guests information.
In Italy, there is a legal requirement that all guests of hotels, B&Bs, rooms, etc. (including Airbnb) must be registered with the local police, so I guess it’s not a matter of tourist tax but they are asking it because of this registration.
In the most recent version of the law, the host must fill in an online form to register the guests. From what I read (I don’t have a hotel/airbnb myself, so maybe others with first-hand knowledge can confirm), the host must provide name, surname, gender, birth date and place, nationality of all occupants, but document details are required only for one of the guests (the “group leader”).
This registration must happen before the guests can enter their room (although in my experience this part is not always respected).
Reference (in Italian): https://www.laleggepertutti.it/283994_cosa-registra-lhotel
So, from what I understand, they don’t need IDs for all occupants, but they need some personal information. Probably they are asking for IDs just for their convenience: it’s easier for them to read all the required information from a document, rather than asking about them and dealing with all the language issues and “how do you spell it?”.
I contacted the Airbnb support before replying to my host.
They called me within an hour, confirming that I need to provide copies of our IDs as the host needs to file for tourist tax with them in the local police department or something like that.
They assured me that it’s needed and there’s no way around it. Especially if I am not meeting the host in person.
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