Upvote:2
This site details the hierarchy of a modern (WWII) battleship:
It seems to be lacking as to the relationship between in-ship responsibilities and military rank. I fear that this is more or less unavoidable unless we discuss each kind of ship separately, though: the commander of a destroyer or submarine would be probably be the Navy equivalent of an Army captain, whereas the commander of a battleship or carrier will probably be something closer to a colonel - and such quite certainly reflects on all official positions on board.