Why didn't Mao Zedong order to kill locusts initially in the 4 pests campaign?

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Any time anyone makes a "top N" list, there are endless complaints about why X was left out or why Y is in the list (but not X). It's very hard to address these complaints. In this case, you could level the same complaint about why c**kroaches weren't in the list, or bed bugs, lice, ticks, and so on.

Here's why sparrows were included: they were a common agricultural pest, eating large amounts of grain, and for the rural-obsessed Mao, were especially worth eradicating. He's not alone in campaigns against sparrows; Frederick the Great once tried by introducing a bounty for sparrow heads, but once the sparrows were gone from his country, other insects like caterpillars proliferated, forcing him to import sparrows from foreign countries. The US, after introducing sparrows in the 1850s, faced a zoological catastrophe and sparked a bitter "sparrow war" in the 1870s - the birds ate everything, and not just the insect pests they were supposed to.

So it made sense for sparrows to be at least considered a pest during 1950s China, even though there was vigorous opposition by some Chinese scientists, citing previous experience from Australia, Prussia, and the U.S. on sparrows and other introduced species. It's easy to take our present ecological knowledge for granted, and ignore the reality that just a few generations ago, we were committing ecological blunders all over the place. Typical for Mao at the time, he ignored the experts and went ahead without caution, and the rest is history.

Ironically, the near-extinction of sparrows in China caused insects like locusts to proliferate. So that's why locusts weren't included - because the sparrows were around.

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