The Names of the Individual Sundays of Lent
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In the rhyme quoted:
Tid, Mid, Misera,
Carl, Paum, Good Pose-Day
the Carl, Paum and Good Pose-Day refer to the 5th Sunday in Lent (14 days before Easter), the 6th Sunday in lent(7 days before Easter) and Easter Day itself.
Carl Sunday or Carling Sunday is more commonly called Passion Sunday, the first day of the two-week season of Passiontide. It is traditional in Northern England to eat cakes made out of brown peas, called carlings. Although many say the food gave the name to the day (rather like Pancake Tuesday), others (including Rev Hudson Baker quoted by @Marc) say it was the other way round. Carl comes from the Old English word cearu meaning suffering, sorrow and grief, relating to the beginning of the Commemoration of the Lord's Passion on that day. This is possibly also related to the German name for Good Friday, karfreitag.
The day after Carling Sunday is known to schoolchildren as Farting Monday, due to the effects of the peas.
Paum, or Palm, Sunday is known throughout the Christian world as the commemoration of the Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem during which palm branches were waved.
Good Pose-Day, is in some versions of the rhyme Paste-Egg Day and in some Pace-Egg Day. In all cases it is probably a form of pascha, from where the word paschal, pertaining to Easter, also comes. Paste-Egg relates to the custom of colouring eggs, and Pace-Egg relates to the custom of rolling eggs, both Easter customs.
The first line: Tid, Mid, Misera is very obscure. They are usually regarded as the second, third and fourth Sundays in Lent respectively. This is said in the Gentleman's Magazine of 1788, quoted here. The origins of these names are obscure. Reverend Brady in 1812 said some suggested they related to the old pre-Reformation hymns sung on particular days. The Ambrosian hymn "Te Deum" sung on the second Sunday of Lent, another hymn "Mi Deus" on the third, and Misera Mei (Psalm 51) on the fourth. However the scholar J M Neale suggested Misera was a corruption of Reminiscere Sunday, which as Ken points out is a name for the Second Sunday in Lent. He was an expert on pre-Reformation English liturgy but knew of nothing that could explain the "Tid Mid Misera" line. The Te Deum Laudamus theory is apparently unlikely because the Te Deum was sung all year round except in Advent and Lent, so hardly likely to give its name to any Sunday, least of all one in Lent.
Baker suggests that Tid referred originally to the Second Sunday, it occurring after ten days of fasting, and tid being related to tithe or ten. Mid and Misera were, according to him one name referring to the fourth Sunday and meaning mid-Lent.
Another explanation is that they may be obsolete counting words. Misera, the fourth Sunday in Lent, bears a slight similarity to methera, a Cumbrian word for fourth.
There is no commonly-accepted derivation for tid mid misera.
The fifth Sunday before Christmas, the Sunday before Advent, is known as Stir-up Sunday, partly because it is the traditional day to stir Christmas Puddings and partly because the Collect for that Sunday begins "Stir up, O Lord, the hearts of thy faithful people ...". The Collect reminding people of the need to stir the puddings.
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For the Eastern Orthodox the Sundays of Lent are:
- Sunday of Orthodoxy,
- Sunday of St. Gregory Palamas,
- Sunday of the Holy Cross,
- Sunday of St. John Climacus, and
- Sunday of St. Mary of Egypt.
--
Palm Sunday is considered part of Holy Week which is separate from Lent.
Great and Holy Pascha (Easter) (April 28, 2019)
And in preparation, the Sundays before Lent are:
- Sunday of the Publican and Pharisee,
- Sunday of the Prodigal Son,
- Sunday of the Last Judgment, and
- Sunday of Forgiveness
Names taken from Orthodox Wiki
Additional information from the Antiochian Archdiocese of North America
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The Names of the Individual Sundays of Lent
According to the Extraordinary Form of the Mass, the Sundays of Lent are known as the following:
- First Sunday of Lent: Quadragesima Sunday or Invocavit Sunday
- Second Sunday of Lent: Reminiscere Sunday
- Third Sunday of Lent: Oculi Sunday
- Fourth Sunday of Lent: Laetare Sunday and/or Mothering Sunday (Some people still call this day: Simnel Sunday, Refreshment Sunday and/or Rose Sunday).
- Fifth Sunday of Lent: Passion Sunday and/or Judica Sunday In England, this was also known as "Carling Sunday" (or Car-Sunday in Scotland) after carling peas in England. Peas porridge would be an appropriate dish for today.
- Sixth Sunday of Lent: Dominica in Palmis or Palm Sunday (This is also known as "Fig Sunday" due to the tradition that Christ desired to eat figs after his entry into Jerusalem).
In Eastern and Oriental Christianity
Palm Sunday, or the "Entry of the Lord into Jerusalem" as it may be called in Orthodox Churches, is one of the Twelve Great Feasts of the liturgical year. The day before Palm Sunday, Lazarus Saturday, believers often prepare palm fronds by knotting them into crosses in preparation for the procession on Sunday. The hangings and vestments in the church are changed to a festive color – most commonly green. - Palm Sunday (Wikipedia)
In the Ambrosian (Milan) Rite, the Sundays of Lent are known as follows:
- First Sunday of lent: “In capite jejunii"
- Second Sunday of Lent: Samaritan Woman Sunday
- Third Sunday of Lent: Abraham Sunday
- Fourth Sunday of Lent: Man Born Blind Sunday
- Fifth Sunday of Lent: Lazarus Sunday
- Sixth Sunday of Lent: Sunday "of the Palms"
In the Mozarabic Rite, the Sundays of Lent are Known as the Following:
- First Sunday of lent: "Dominica prima Quadragesimæ" and Christ in the Wilderness Sunday
- Second Sunday of Lent: Samaritan Woman Sunday
- Third Sunday of Lent: Healing of the Blind Man Sunday
- Fourth Sunday of Lent: "Jam autem die festo mediante" for Mid-Lent Sunday
- Fifth Sunday of Lent: Raising of Lazarus Sunday
- Sixth Sunday of Lent: "Dominica in Ramis Palmarum" (Palm Sunday)
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